Allee effect increasing the final density of the species subject to the Allee effect in a Lotka–Volterra commensal symbiosis model

Abstract

A Lotka–Volterra commensal symbiosis model with first species subject to the Allee effect is proposed and studied in this paper. Local and global stability property of the equilibria are investigated. An amazing finding is that with increasing Allee effect, the final density of the species subject to the Allee effect is also increased. Such a phenomenon is different from the known results, and it is the first time to be observed. Numeric simulations are carried out to show the feasibility of the main results.