Applicability of Standardized Precipitation Index with Alternative Distribution Functions

  • 洪 兴
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Abstract

Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) can be applied to multiple timescales and Gamma distribution is suggested to compute SPI values. Based on the monthly precipitation data of 13 meteorological stations in the Poyang Lake basin from 1961 to 2001, three distribution functions (Gamma, Pearson Type Ⅲ and Normal) are adapted to fit long-term precipitation series on different timescales of 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test is used to decide which distribution function could fit cumulative precipitation series better. The SPI values of different time scales are calculated by these three distribution functions and compared by using Pearson correlation coefficient and Nash efficiency coefficient. It is concluded that the Pearson Type Ⅲ distribution is the best for fitting precipitation data series. It is also found that for SPI values with 12 or 24-month cumulative precipitation data series, there is little difference between distribution functions, in which the average Pearson correlation coefficients and Nash efficiency coefficients are over 0.99 and 98%, respectively. 收稿日期:2012 年 11 月 24 日;修回日期:2012 年 12 月 16 日;录用日期:2012 年 12 月 23 日 摘 要:标准化降水指数(SPI)是适用于多时间尺度的一种干旱指标,常采用 Gamma 分布进行拟合。 以鄱阳湖流域 13 个气象站为研究对象,选择 1961~2001 年的逐月降水量为实验数据,采用三种分布 函数,即 Gamma 分布、P-III 分布、正态分布拟合了 1,3,6,12,24 月时间尺度下的时段累积降雨, 以 K-S 方法检验了各分布的拟合效果,以 Pearson 相关系数和 Nash 效率系数为评价指标,比较分析了 不同时间尺度下各分布计算的 SPI 值的差异,研究表明:P-III 分布是用于拟合鄱阳湖流域各时段累积 降雨量的最适宜分布函数;在 12 和 24 个月的时间尺度下,三种分布计算的 SPI 值差异很小,平均的 相关系数均超过 0.99,平均的 Nash 效率系数均超过 98%,可以互相替代。 关键词:干旱指标;SPI;Gamma 分布;P-III 分布;正态分布;比较研究 1. 引言 * 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51079100,51190094)资助项目。 作者简介:洪兴骏(1989-),男,广东梅州人,硕士研究生,主要从 事水文学及水资源配置方面的研究。 干旱是一种发生频率高、持续时间长、波及范围

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APA

洪兴骏. (2013). Applicability of Standardized Precipitation Index with Alternative Distribution Functions. Journal of Water Resources Research, 02(01), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.12677/jwrr.2013.21006

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