No Difference in Postoperative Recovery Outcomes Between Opioid-Free and Opioid-Sparing Anesthesia Under Multimodal Analgesic Protocol for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Propensity Score Matching Cohort Study

Abstract

Background: With growing concerns about opioid-related risks, efforts to reduce opioid use throughout the perioperative period have increased. This study aimed to compare postoperative recovery outcomes between opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) and opioid-sparing anesthesia (OSA) under a multimodal analgesic protocol in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 196 patients undergoing VATS from August 2019 to December 2021. Patients received either dexmedetomidine-based OFA or remifentanil-based OSA. Postoperative recovery was assessed using the Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) score, opioid consumption, and pain intensity. Additionally, opioid-related complications and intraoperative hemodynamic changes were evaluated. Results: Both groups showed similar QoR-15 scores 24 h postoperatively (124.2 ± 7.0 vs. 123.0 ± 6.9, p = 0.227). Opioid consumption and pain intensity were comparable, and the incidence of opioid-related adverse events did not significantly differ between the groups. Intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia were more frequent in the OFA group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The study concluded that both OFA and OSA, when used under a multimodal analgesic protocol, provided effective postoperative recovery in patients undergoing VATS with no significant differences in outcomes.