Crossability and germinability potentials of some cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) progenitors for selection

Abstract

Controlled crosses and selection of promising cassava genotypes were carried out at Cassava Breeding Programme of National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, Nigeria, in 2010. A 3 x 3 North Carolina mating design was used to generate nine F 1 population. Out of 7,044 seeds expected from all the pollinated flowers, only 1,102 seeds (15.6%) were harvested. Majority of the pollinated flowers did not develop into fruits due to abortion that happened shortly after pollination. Family TMS 98-0002 x TMS 05-0473 (B3) had the highest seed abortion rate of 75.5% whereas family TMS 98-0505 x TMS 01-1368 (B7) had the lowest seed abortion rate of 25.3%. Seeds generated from viability test were sown in pots and maintained for 28 days in the screen house. Seed germination ranged from 15.5 to 80.9% with a mean of 43.19%. The emerged seedlings were hardened and transplanted to the field alongside their parents. Four hundred and sixty four progeny survived and were evaluated 12 months after planting (MAP). There were very high levels of variability in the segregating F 1 progeny for all the traits studied that will be useful for cassava breeding in Nigeria. Subsequent evaluations of promising clones have reached advanced stage for release to farmers in Nigeria.