Objective: Pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients. However, the relationship between the causative pathogens and the prognosis is unclear. We report the case of a patient with AIDS presenting with community-acquired pneumonia complicated by pneumomediastinum. The cases of a further 10 HIV-infected patients with pneumomediastinum reported in the English language literature are reviewed. Methods: PubMed was searched for cases of HIV-infected patients with pneumomediastinum published in the English language literature. Results: Pneumocystis jirovecii is the most common pathogen causing pneumonia and concurrent pneumomediastinum in HIV-infected patients. Only one of the identified cases was caused by cytomegalovirus. Excluding the two cases with incomplete information, the overall mortality rate in the remaining nine cases was 55.5%. Conclusion: In HIV-infected patients, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia can occasionally present as pneumomediastinum. In such cases, adequate appropriate antimicrobial therapy is needed due to the high mortality rate. © 2014 The Authors.
CITATION STYLE
Cheng, W. L., Ko, W. C., Lee, N. Y., Chang, C. M., Lee, C. C., Li, M. C., & Li, C. W. (2014). Pneumomediastinum in patients with AIDS: A case report and literature review. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.12.009
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