Tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo con biofeedback perineal con electrodos de superficie

Abstract

Purpose: We analyze the pelvic floor muscles treatment outcomes by using biofeedback (BFB) with electromyography with superficial electrodes in women diagnosed as having stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Besides, we compare this treatment with pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) plus vaginal electrostimulation. Methods: 85 women with stress urinary incontinence, aged 42-74 years. We divided the patients in two groups: Group 1 (N=50): This patients carry out a perineal biofeedback with superficial electrodes without electrostimulation, and Group 2 (N=35): This patients were treated with pelvis floor muscle exercices and vaginal electrostimulation. All patients carry out two session per week (of 30 minutes each one) during ten weeks. We assess the outcomes through international urinary incontinence questionnaires (IU-5 and ICIQ-SF) and urinary incontinence related quality of life test (King's questionnaire). Student t-test and Fisher Exact test were used, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No difference was found in the age average of both groups. 84% of patients of group 1 and 80% of patients of group 2 were cured with the treatment. We assumed they were cured when incontinence episodes not happened or they do not need to use absorbent materials. In the Group 1, 50% of patients in the fourth week and 84% in the tenth week were cured. In the Group 2, 71, 42% of patients in the fourth week and 80% in the tenth week were cured. In the Group 2, eight patients (22, 85%) complained side effects. Both groups improved the quality of life similarly. Conclusion: Grade 1 and grade 2 stress urinary incontinence treatment by using perineal biofeedback with superficial electrodes electromyography is better or similar to more invasive treatments. Also pelvic floor muscle exercices plus vaginal electrostimulation have good outcomes although some patients complain side effects. Both conservative treatments are effective and feasible.