Background: Numerous man-made pollutants activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and are risk factors for type 2 diabetes. AhR signaling also affects molecular clock genes to influence glucose metabolism. Objective: We investigated mechanisms by which AhR activation affects glucose metabolism. Methods: Glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR α) and genes affecting glucose metabolism or fatty acid oxidation and clock gene rhythms were investigated in wild-type (WT) and AhR-deficient [knockout (KO)] mice. AhR agonists and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to examine the effect of AhR on PPAR α expression and glycolysis in the liver cell line Hepa-1c1c7 (c7) and its c12 and c4 derivatives. Brain, muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (Bmal1) siRNA and Ahr or Bmal1 expression plasmids were used to analyze the effect of BMAL1 on PPAR α expression in c7 cells. Results: KO mice displayed enhanced insulin sensitivity and improved glucose tolerance, accompanied by decreased PPAR α and key gluconeogenic and fatty acid oxidation enzymes. AhR agonists increased PPAR α expression in c7 cells. Both Ahr and Bmal1 siRNA reduced PPAR α and metabolism genes. Moreover, rhythms of BMAL1 and blood glucose were altered in KO mice. Conclusions: These results indicate a link between AhR signaling, circadian rhythms, and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, hepatic activation of the PPAR α pathway provides a mechanism underlying AhR-mediated insulin resistance.
CITATION STYLE
Wang, C., Xu, C. X., Krager, S. L., Bottum, K. M., Liao, D. F., & Tischkau, S. A. (2011). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor deficiency enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces PPAR α pathway activity in mice. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(12), 1739–1744. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103593
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