In organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), a stack of multiple organic layers facilitates charge flow from the low work function [∼4.7 electron volts (eV)] of the transparent electrode (tin-doped indium oxide, ITO) to the deep energy levels (∼6 eV) of the active light-emitting organic materials. We demonstrate a chlorinated ITO transparent electrode with a work function of >6.1 eV that provides a direct match to the energy levels of the active light-emitting materials in state-of-the art OLEDs. A highly simplified green OLED with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 54% and power efficiency of 230 lumens per watt using outcoupling enhancement was demonstrated, as were EQE of 50% and power efficiency of 110 lumens per watt at 10,000 candelas per square meter.
CITATION STYLE
Helander, M. G., Wang, Z. B., Qiu, J., Greiner, M. T., Puzzo, D. P., Liu, Z. W., & Lu, Z. H. (2011). Chlorinated indium tin oxide electrodes with high work function for organic device compatibility. Science, 332(6032), 944–947. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1202992
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