The crystal structure and chemical bonding of magnetron-sputtering deposited nickel carbide Ni1-xCx(0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.62) thin films have been investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy. By using x-ray as well as electron diffraction, we found carbon-containing hcp-Ni (hcp-NiCyphase), instead of the expected rhombohedral-Ni3C. At low carbon content (4.9 at%), the thin film consists of hcp-NiCynanocrystallites mixed with a smaller amount of fcc-NiCx. The average grain size is about 10-20 nm. With the increase of carbon content to 16.3 at%, the film contains single-phase hcp-NiCynanocrystallites with expanded lattice parameters. With a further increase of carbon content to 38 at%, and 62 at%, the films transform to x-ray amorphous materials with hcp-NiCyand fcc-NiCxnanodomain structures in an amorphous carbon-rich matrix. Raman spectra of carbon indicate dominant sp2hybridization, consistent with photoelectron spectra that show a decreasing amount of C-Ni phase with increasing carbon content. The Ni 3d-C 2p hybridization in the hexagonal structure gives rise to the salient double-peak structure in Ni 2p soft x-ray absorption spectra at 16.3 at% that changes with carbon content. We also show that the resistivity is not only governed by the amount of carbon, but increases by more than a factor of two when the samples transform from crystalline to amorphous.
CITATION STYLE
Furlan, A., Lu, J., Hultman, L., Jansson, U., & Magnuson, M. (2014). Crystallization characteristics and chemical bonding properties of nickel carbide thin film nanocomposites. Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 26(41). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/26/41/415501
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