Background: Gingival overgrowth is a common side effect of calcium antagonists. Although the pathogenesis is unknown, several lines of evidence point to a modulation of inflammatory processes. Because the calcium antagonists, albeit to a variable degree, act as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the gene product of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), and inflammation may modify P-gp expression, we analyzed the MDR1 polymorphisms as risk factors for gingival overgrowth induced by calcium antagonists. Methods: Clinical, laboratory, and anamnestic data including periodontal parameters and use of calcium antagonists were assessed in a cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation (N = 1484). MDR1 polymorphisms in exon 21 G2677T/A and exon 26 C3435T were determined. P-gp expression was detected in gingival tissues. In a matched-pair analysis, 93 subjects using calcium antagonists and 186 not using them were compared. Results: P-gp is expressed in the endothelial layers of blood vessels obtained from healthy or inflamed gingiva. Subjects treated with calcium antagonists had significantly deeper gingival pockets than their drug-free counterparts (P
CITATION STYLE
Meisel, P., Giebel, J., Kunert-Keil, C., Dazert, P., Kroemer, H. K., & Kocher, T. (2006). MDR1 gene polymorphisms and risk of gingival hyperplasia induced by calcium antagonists. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 79(1), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clpt.2005.09.008
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