Visible Difference Associated With Disease: Skin Conditions

Abstract

Western society attaches a great deal of importance to the complexion, and beauty is typically defined as an even skin tone that is free from blemishes, independent of skin colour. Advertisements link even skin tones with youth and general health, and beauty products promise a 'healthy glow' in exchange for, sometimes considerable, financial outlay. In addition to its visual importance, the skin is our largest sensory organ which performs an important defence function against heat, cold, and external chemicals as well as helping to regulate body temperature. Synthesis of the pigment melanin, produced in the upper layer of skin (the epidermis), efficiently protects from ultraviolet (UV) rays in daylight and allows vitamin D, essential for growth and calcification of the bones, to be synthesized from sunlight. Any disruption to these functions because of trauma or disease can have a physical, social, and psychological impact on the person affected. Furthermore, skin is particularly susceptible to the effects of stress, which generates a physiological response (which may include increased sweating and blushing)... which in turn establishes a cognitive, emotional, and behavioural loop which can be distressing and difficult to interrupt. 54% of the population are affected by skin disease each year, and 15-25% of primary care consultations are due to skin disease (Schofield et al., 2009). Whilst many conditions can affect the appearance of the skin in different ways, this chapter focuses on acne, atopic eczema, vitiligo, psoriasis, and skin cancer as exemplars to highlight the psychosocial impact of an altered appearance due to disease and to consider the provision of psychosocial interventions for those affected. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)