Characteristics of Command and Control in Response to Emergencies and Disasters

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the characteristics of command and control (C2) in emergency and disaster response operations. Response operations, as well as related C2 work, are characterized by loosely defined and shifting goals, diverse situations, time pressure, high stakes and involvement of multiple organizations. The unique contexts and varying circumstances of response operations have an impact on how collaborative work and interactions among commanding personnel and organizations emerge and develop. This dynamic of response operations poses specific challenges and demands on commanding personnel and organisations involved in these types of operations. The chapter identifies main characteristics of different types of response operations and their implications for C2. The focus is thereby on the need-based character of emergency and disaster response operations, as well as the need for adaptations of the responding organizations and their C2 structures. The chapter also discusses some implications for civil-military cooperation and joint operations.