Encyclopedia of Metagenomics

Abstract

Synonyms Function-based screening, Metagenomic biomolecule, Metagenomic library, Metagenomics, Next-generation sequencing, Sequence-based screening Definition Metagenomics comprises the culture-independent and DNA-based analysis of entire microbial communities and complements cultivation-based analysis of microorganisms. Metagenomic approaches allow comprehensive insights into phylogenetic and functional diversity of complex microbial consortia present in moderate as well as extreme environments on Earth. The introduction of next-generation sequencing technologies enabled cost-effective high-throughput sequencing of metagenomic DNA molecules resulting in increased resolution of microbial community analysis. In addition, screening of metagenomic libraries led to the identification of numerous novel biomole-cules from various environments such as soil, seawater, or glacial ice.