Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory capacities and a possible anti-atherothrombosis activity of the methanol leaf extract of Clerodenrum viscosum.

Abstract

The shrub, Clerodenrum viscosum Vent. is traditionally used in the treatment of a number of diseases, including oxidative stress, inflammation, gastritis, burns, wounds, headaches, fever, jaundice, organ damage and so on. Oxidative stress and inflammatory events trigger cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are one of the major consequences in health problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible clotlysis activity of C. viscosum leaf (MECVL). The hot MECVL was evaluated for anti-radical (DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical), egg albumin protection and inhibition of hemolysis of human erythrocytes (HRBCs), and clotlysis analysis, with ascorbic acid, acetyl salicylic acid and streptokinase as standards, respectively. Additionally, a preliminary phytochemical study was also conducted, which indicated the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, reducing sugars, and gums in MECVL. The MECVL concentration dependently scavenged the DPPH, inhibited protein denaturation, protected HRBCs and caused clotlysis. In the DPPH assay, MECVL at 100 μg/mL scavenged DPPH radical by 47.1 ± 0.8%. The highest activity was observed at the highest concentration of the MECVL (500 μg/mL), at which it inhibited protein denaturation, protected HRBCs and caused clotlysis by 81.5 ± 0.1, 89.4 ± 0.1 and 81.9 ± 4.8%, respectively. Although, in all cases, the standards exhibited better activities, but the effects of MECVL should be considered significant (p <0.05) in comparison to the negative control. The extract exhibited an anti-atherothrombosis capacity possibly via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilization pathways, recommending C. viscosum as a promising phytotherapeutic tool.