Tear exchange under hydrogel contact lenses: Methodological considerations

Abstract

PURPOSE. To characterize hydrogel lens tear exchange and to apply an optimized method to compare tear exchange of a marketed hydrogel lens to that measured with a prototype silicone hydrogel lens. METHODS. Fluorophotometry and a nonpenetrating tracer (70- kDa FITC-dextran) were used with a single extended-wear soft contact lens (EWSCL) material on 11 subjects to characterize tear-exchange kinetics. Twenty to 30 measurements were obtained over a 30-minute period to allow accurate modeling and estimation of the several tear-exchange parameters. Calculated values included tear-replenishment rate (TRR), elimination rate (ER), and the time for 95% of the signal to be eliminated (T95). Major experiments were (1) comparison of ER under controlled and physiological conditions, (2) comparison of right and left eyes, (3) repeatability of ER and T95 on five occasions, and (4) comparison of a marketed lens (oxygen permeability [Dk] 28 × 10-9 [cm/sec][ml O2/ml mm Hg]) to a prototype silicone hydrogel lens (Dk 140 × 10-9 [cm/sec][ml O2/ml mm Hg]). RESULTS. Tracer elimination behind a hydrogel contact lens (CL), up to 30 minutes after insertion, was optimally described by double-exponential kinetics. Physiological ER (5-30 minutes after CL insertion) was optimally described by single-exponential kinetics. Overall, physiological ER was 8.8% ± 3.8% per minute, and T95 was 31.0 ± 16.1 minutes (n = 76 and 72 determinations, respectively). Differences between right and left eyes in ER and T95 were not significant at the 0.05 level. No difference in ER or T95 was found between habitual and controlled blinking. Mean TRR was 0.67% ± 0.26% per blink (n = 11 determinations). No differences were shown between ER or T95 measurements over time. A prototype highly oxygen-permeable silicone hydrogel lens showed higher ER than did a marketed hydrogel lens (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS. Estimates of postlens tear exchange using a slit lamp fluorophotometer are similar to previously reported rates using similar fluorophotometric techniques. Fluorescent decay behind a hydrogel lens is most precisely described using a double-exponential curve equation and tear exchange may be described using ER, TRR and T95, although the T95 may be the least reliable of these measures. The technique appears capable of discriminating between lens types.