The evolution of cathode lens-based photo emission electron microscopy (PEEM) from the simple beginnings in the early 1930s to its sophisticated present state is discussed. In addition to conventional ultraviolet light-excited PEEM (UV-PEEM), laser excited PEEM and the various modes of synchrotron X-ray-excited PEEM (XPEEM) particular emphasis is placed on the complementary combination of these methods with low energy electron microscopy (LEEM). © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
CITATION STYLE
Bauer, E. (2012). A brief history of PEEM. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 185(10), 314–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2012.08.001
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