Gas-aerosol relationships of H2so4, MSA, and OH: Observations in the coastal marine boundary layer at Mace Head, Ireland

Abstract

Atmospheric concentrations of gaseous sulfuric acid (H2SO 4), methane sulfonic acid (MSA), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) were measured by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) during the second New Particle Formation and Fate in the Coastal Environment (PARFORCE) campaign in June 1999 at Mace Head, Ireland. Overall median concentrations in marine background air were 1.5; 1.2, and 0.12 × 106 cm-2, respectively. H2SO4 was also present at night indicating significant contributions from nonphotochemical sources. A strong correlation was found between daytime OH and H2SO4 levels in clean marine air suggesting a fast local production of H2SO4 from sulfur precursor gases. Steady state balance calculations of ambient H 2SO4 levels agreed with measured concentrations if either very low H2SO4 sticking coefficients (0.02-0.03) or sources in addition to the SO2 + OH reaction were assumed. Overall, variations in ambient H2SO4 levels showed no correlation with either the tidal cycle or ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations. However, on particular days an anticorrelation between H2SO4 and UFP levels was occasionally observed providing evidence for the contribution of H2SO4 to new particle formation and/or particle growth. Gaseous MSA concentrations were inversely correlated with dew point temperature reflecting a highly sensitive gas-particle partitioning equilibrium of this compound. The present Observations seriously question the general use of MSA as a conservative tracer to infer the relative production yield of H 2SO4 from dimethylsulfide (DMS) oxidation. MSA/H 2SO4 concentration ratios typically ranged between 0.06 and 1.0 in marine air at ground level. Measured diel OH profiles showed a significant deviation from concurrent variations of the ozone photolysis frequency. They also showed up to 1 order of magnitude lower values compared to OH concentrations calculated with a simple photochemical box model. These differences were most pronounced during particle nucleation events occurring on sunny days around noon and at low tide. The present results suggest that both the oxidation capacity and the particle formation potential in the coastal boundary layer were significantly affected by reactions of unknown compounds prevailing in this type of environment. Copyright 2002 by the American Geophysical Union.