Analisis Keunggulan Komparatif Beras Indonesia

Abstract

Rice commodity is a main staple food for almost 95 percent of Indonesian population. Dried paddy production is projected to reach 70,87.million ton in 2013 or an increase by 0.26 percent compared to paddy production of 69.1 million tons in 2012. On the other hand, the population growth in Indonesia is relatively high of 1.27 percent a year in the period of 2005-2010 while rice consumption per capita also tends to decrease from 139 kg/capita/year in the year of 1993 to 113 kg/capita/year in 2012. In the near future, Indonesia is more realistic considered to be a rice deficit country rather than a rice surplus country. Therefore, the policy on economic and competitiveness of Indonesian rice should be directed to operational policy on demand and supply side to attain the target of 10 million tons of rice self sufficiency in 2014. The result of comparative advantage study showed that Marketing Spesialization Indices of fresh and processed rice products were negative varying from-1.0 to-0.71. It means that Indonesian Rice has very low competitiveness and continues to decrease over time. The Import Dependency Ratios (IDR) of rice varied from 0.80-1.02 percent. It means that rice supply in Indonesia still depends on rice import even with small quantity and in the form of fresh rice. The value of SSR (Self-Sufficiency Ratio) of Indonesian rice in the period of 2006-2010 was more than 90 percent indicating that almost all of the domestic demand was fulfilled by domestic production. The RSCA (Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage) value showed that Indonesian rice had no competitiveness in the world market, i.e.-0.96 to-0.99 percent in the period of 2008-2012.