Improved survival of multiple myeloma patients treated with autologous transplantation in the modern era of new medicine

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Abstract

New drugs for multiple myeloma (MM) have dramatically improved patients’ overall survival (OS). Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the mainstay for transplant-eligible MM patients. To investigate whether the post-ASCT prognosis of MM patients has been improved by new drugs, we undertook a retrospective observational analysis using the Transplant Registry Unified Management Program database in Japan. We analyzed 7323 patients (4135 men and 3188 women; median age, 59 years; range 16-77 years) who underwent upfront ASCT between January 2007 and December 2018. We categorized them by when they underwent ASCT according to the drugs’ introduction in Japan: group 1 (2007-2010), group 2 (2011-2016), and group 3 (2017-2018). We compared the groups’ post-ASCT OS. The 2-year OS rates (95% confidence interval [CI]) of groups 1, 2, and 3 were 85.8% (84.1%-87.4%), 89.1% (88.0%-90.1%), and 92.3% (90.0%-94.2%) (P < 2 < 3) with the introduction of new drugs for MM. As the prognosis of high-risk-karyotype patients with ISS stage III remains poor, their treatment requires improvement.

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Shimazu, Y., Mizuno, S., Fuchida, S. ichi, Suzuki, K., Tsukada, N., Hanagaishi, A., … Takamatsu, H. (2021). Improved survival of multiple myeloma patients treated with autologous transplantation in the modern era of new medicine. Cancer Science, 112(12), 5034–5045. https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.15163

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