Prolonged Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles Results in Oxidative Stress in Cerebral Myelin

Abstract

Currently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are frequently used in a wide range of medical and consumer products. Substantial usage of AgNPs is considered to create substantive risks to both the environment and the human health. Since there is increasing evidence that the main mechanism of toxicity of AgNPs relates to oxidative stress, in the current study we investigate oxidative stress-related biochemical parameters in myelin isolated from adult rat brain subjected to a low dose of AgNPs. Animals were exposed for 2 weeks to 0.2 mg/kg b.w. of small (10 nm) AgNPs stabilized in citrate buffer or silver citrate established as a control to compare the effects of particulate and ionic forms of silver. We observe enhanced peroxidation of lipids and decreased concentrations of protein and non-protein –SH groups in myelin membranes. Simultaneously, expression of superoxide dismutase, a free radical scavenger, is increased whereas the process of protein glutathionylation, being a cellular protective mechanism against irreversible oxidation, is found to be inefficient. Results indicate that oxidative stress-induced alterations in myelin membranes may be the cause of ultrastructural disturbances in myelin sheaths.