Borobudur temple wall stability monitoring using robotic total station during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Borobudur Temple is a cultural heritage used as a tourist spot. Tourist activities on top of the temple give additional burdens to the temple continuously besides external factors from nature such as wind, temperature changes, weathering, moss growth, and others also contribute to the physical changes of Borobudur Temple. These combined factors can affect the Borobudur Temple wall stability, so it is necessary to monitor the temple wall stability using a robotic total station. This paper discusses the evaluation of Borobudur Temple wall stability by monitoring the points located above the balustrades during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Tourists are prohibited from entering the temple buildings during the COVID-19 pandemic, so there is no influence of human activities for research related to the temple wall stability. Monitoring in this condition can be used as a comparison with monitoring during the peak season in the future. Each monitoring results in good quality measurement data. The coordinate component graph shows that the points' position displacement vertically is smaller than the horizontal position. Every displacement value in the monitoring point is less than 5 mm, which indicates that the temple walls are in a stable condition. The displacement vector shows that many points are elastically deformed both horizontally and vertically.