The family cyclobacteriaceae

Abstract

Cyclobacteriaceae, a family belonging to the order Cytophagales, comprises the genera Cyclobacterium, Algoriphagus, Aquiflexum, Belliella, Cecembia, Echinicola, Fontibacter, Indibacter, Litoribacter, Mongoliicoccus, Mongoliitalea, Nitritalea, Rhodonellum, and Shivajiella. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences clearly clustered all the genera into the family Cyclobacteriaceae. Members of the family are known to have a wide range of morphological properties like cell shape, size, motility, colony color and shape; physiological properties like growth temperature range, salinity range, and nitrate reduction; and chemotaxonomic properties like polar lipids, quinones, and fatty acid profiles. Members of the family are found in diverse habitats ranging from cold marine regions like Antarctica, freshwater bodies, algal/microbial mats, marine waters, marine sediments, mangroves, haloalkaline soda lakes, hot springs, mud volcanoes, and ikaite tufa columns. Some of the species of the family are known to degrade a number of polysaccharides and other macromolecules like casein and lipids. Whole genome sequencing and annotation of five members of Cyclobacteriaceae family were done so far. A number of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, antibiotic resistance, and quorum-sensing regulation were found. Pathogenicity is not reported among the Cyclobacteriaceae members. This contribution is a modified and updated version of previous family descriptions (Nedashkovskaya OI, Ludwig W, Family II. Cyclobacteriaceae fam. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds) Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes, vol 4, 2nd edn. Springer, New York, pp 423-441, 2011).