The cardiothoracic ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: results of the MBD-5D study

Abstract

Background: The cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is a non-invasive left ventricular hypertrophy index. However, whether CTR associates with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) populations is unclear. Methods: Using a Mineral and Bone disorder Outcomes Study for Japanese CKD Stage 5D Patients (MBD-5D Study) subcohort, 2266 prevalent HD patients (age 62.8 years, female 38.0%, HD duration 9.4 years) with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) whose baseline CTR had been recorded were selected. We evaluated associations between CTR and all-cause death, CVD death, or composite events in HD patients. Results: CTR was associated significantly with various background and laboratory characteristics. All-cause death, CVD-related death, and composite events increased across the CTR quartiles (Q). Adjusted hazard risk (HR) for all-cause death was 1.4 (95% confidential interval, 0.9–2.1) in Q2, 1.9 (1.3–2.9) in Q3, and 2.6 (1.7–4.0) in Q4, respectively (Q1 as a reference). The corresponding adjusted HR for CVD-related death was 1.8 (0.8–4.2), 3.1 (1.4–6.8), and 3.5 (1.6–7.9), and that for composite outcome was 1.2 (1.0–1.6), 1.7 (1.3–2.2), and 1.8 (1.5–2.3), respectively. Exploratory analysis revealed that there were relationships between CTR and age, sex, body mass index, comorbidity of CVD, dialysis duration, dialysate calcium level and intact parathyroid hormone, phosphorus, hemoglobin, and usage of phosphate binder. Conclusion: CTR correlated with all-cause death, CVD death, and composite events in HD patients with SHPT.