Muscle-adipose tissue cross talk

Abstract

Exercise training results in adaptations to both skeletal muscle andwhite adipose tissue (WAT) and protects against metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Exerciseinduced adaptations include an altered profile of secreted proteins, both myokines (from skeletal muscle) and adipokines (from adipose tissue). These secreted proteins may act in an endocrine manner to facilitate tissue-to-tissue communication and “cross talk,” likely working together to improve overall metabolic health. Some studies suggest that contracting skeletal muscles release myokines thatmay function to alter the phenotype ofWAT, including WAT “beiging,” in which there is increased expression of beige marker genes and increased presence of multilocular cells within the WAT.