Survey of preprocessing techniques and classification approaches in online signature verification

Abstract

This paper reviews the latest results in the field of online signature verification and summarizes the previously published major surveys and also over 30 papers from the last decade. We examine the steps of the verification process and show the most popular approaches used. Our results show that alignment and scaling are the most common methods used in preprocessing. Position, velocity, and pressure are the most commonly used measures for feature extraction while dynamic time warping is the most commonly used approach for verification. A comparison between these methods using different databases concludes this work. The error rate varies between 0.77% to 7.13%, with an average of 2.94%. The results and comparisons published in this paper may help researchers choose the most promising approaches for their systems.