Bioinspired Water Desalination and Water Purification Approaches Using Membranes

Abstract

As discussed in Chap. 1, 97.5% of water is saline water, therefore water desalination is increasingly important in some parts of the world. However, water desalinization remains an energy intensive process and prohibitively expensive. In addition, water contamination from human activity affects clean water supply. Water purification from all contaminants is important (Brown and Bhushan 2016; Bhushan 2018).