Use of an instrument of controversial public health policy: Euthanasia of dogs contaminated by leishmaniasis in Brazil

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease transmitted by a vector of global importance, which involves dogs as reservoirs. The “elimination of reservoirs” is specifically determined as a control measure in the Manual de Vigilância e Controle de Leishmaniose Visceral [Manual of Surveillance and Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis] published by the Department of Health Surveillance of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. However, the elimination of seropositive dogs in Brazil, used to control visceral leishmaniasis, has been ineffective. This paper raises questions about this national public health policy instrument based on current scientific evidence and analysis of the Brazilian law, held from the precautionary principle and the recognition of animals as sentient beings. It concludes that an immediate suspension and a review of animal extermination practice in the Brazilian Constitutional Rule of Law is needed and the adoption of preventive and more effective methods to ensure public health without providing either emotional costs to dog owners nor burdening the public budget.