Foot biomechanics in patients with advanced subtalar- and mid-tarsal joint osteoarthritis and poorly responding to conservative treatment

Abstract

Background: A comprehensive insight into the effects of subtalar- and mid-tarsal joint osteoarthritis on lower limb’s biomechanical characteristics during walking is lacking. Our goal was to assess joint kinematics and kinetics and compensatory mechanisms in patients with subtalar and mid-tarsal joint osteoarthritis. Methods: Patients with symptomatic and radiographically confirmed osteoarthritis of the subtalar and mid-tarsal (n = 10) and an asymptomatic control group (n = 10) were compared. Foot joint kinematics and kinetics during the stance phase of walking were quantified using a four-segment foot model. Results: During pre-swing phase, the tibio-talar range of motion in the sagittal plane of the patient group decreased significantly (P = 0.001), whereas the tarso-metatarsal joint range of motion in the sagittal plane was greater in the pre-swing phase (P = 0.003). The mid-tarsal joint showed lower transverse plane range of motion in the patient group during the loading response and pre-swing phase (P < 0.001 resp. P = 0.002). The patient group showed a lower Tibio-talar joint peak plantarflexion moment (P = 0.004), peak plantarflexion velocity (P < 0.001) and peak power generation in the sagittal plane (P < 0.001), and a lower mid-tarsal joint peak adduction and abduction velocity (P < 0.001 resp. P < 0.001) and peak power absorption (P < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients with subtalar and mid-tarsal joint osteoarthritis adopt a cautious walking strategy potentially dictated by pain, muscle weakness, kinesiophobia and stiffness. Since this poorly responding population faces surgical intervention on the short term, we recommend careful follow-up after fusion surgery since biomechanical outcome measures associated to this post-surgical stage is lacking.