The evolution of minimally invasive gynecological surgery: Gas-less laparoscopic inspection and single hole surgery (GLISHS)

Abstract

In the last two decades, laparoscopy has become the standard treatment for many gynecological conditions. However, one major obstacle to the more widespread application of endoscopic procedures has been the limitations encountered with conventional laparoscopy. These include poor surgeon ergonomics, counterintuitive hand movement owing to undesirable long instruments, limited degrees of instrument motion within the body, and maintenance of CO2 pneumoperitoneum. Another major obstacle has been the rising cost of laparoscopic surgery, which always employs new and expensive tools to improve the safety and execution of operations.