An Update on the Hirsch Conjecture

Abstract

The Hirsch conjecture was posed in 1957 in a question from Warren M. Hirsch to George Dantzig. It states that the graph of a d-dimensional polytope with n facets cannot have diameter greater than n−d. The number n of facets is the minimum number of closed half-spaces needed to form the polytope and the conjecture asserts that one can go from any vertex to any other vertex using at most n−d edges. Despite being one of the most fundamental, basic and old problems in polytope theory, what we know is quite scarce. Most notably, no polynomial upper bound is known for the diameters that are conjectured to be linear. In contrast, very few polytopes are known where the bound n−d is attained. This paper collects known results and remarks both on the positive and on the negative side of the conjecture. Some proofs are included, but only those that we hope are accessible to a general mathematical audience without introducing too many technicalities.