Interference of soybean and corn with Chloris distichophylla

  • Wandscheer A
  • Rizzardi M
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Abstract

In nature, plants interact with each other and establish positive, negative, and neutral interference relationships. In agricultural ecosystems, crops are usually affected by competition with weeds, and the effects of this process are influenced by the plant population density and proportional abundance and by the species involved. The present study evaluates the competitive interactions of soybean and corn with Chloris distichophylla. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse belonging to the University of Passo Fundo during the 2011/12 crop season: one experiment involving corn and C. distichophylla and another involving soybean and C. distichophylla. The experimental units were plastic pots, and the treatments were based on a replacement series, with a constant total density of eight plants per pot. The treatments included five combinations of soybean or corn plants with the weed species (8:0, 6:2, 4:4, 2:6 and 0:8), corresponding to relative abundances of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of the crop species (and the reverse for the weed species). Competitiveness was analyzed using replacement-series experiment diagrams and competitive indices. Total dry matter and plant height were the two variables analyzed. The competitive indices indicated that corn and soybean crops were more competitive than the weed. The plant height was not affected by competition between both the species.No ambiente, as plantas interagem mutuamente e estabelecem relações de interferência tanto positivas, negativas quanto neutras. Em ecossistemas agrícolas, as culturas são normalmente afetadas pela competição com plantas daninhas e os efeitos advindos desse processo são influenciados pela população de plantas, densidade e proporção em que se encontram, além das espécies envolvidas. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar as interações competitivas de soja e milho com Chloris distichophylla. Para isso, foram feitos dois experimentos em casa-de-vegetação, pertencentes à Universidade de Passo Fundo, na estação de cultivo 2011/12, um entre o milho e a espécie daninha e outro entre a soja e a espécie daninha. As unidades experimentais foram vasos plásticos, cujos tratamentos foram baseados em série de substituição, com densidade final constante de oito plantas por vaso. Os tratamentos foram cinco combinações de plantas de soja ou milho e da espécie daninha (8:0, 6:2, 4:4, 2:6 e 0:8) que corresponderam às proporções de 100, 75, 50, 25 e 0% das culturas e o inverso para a planta daninha, respectivamente. A análise da competitividade foi realizada por meio de diagramas aplicados a experimentos substitutivos e índices de competitividade, sendo as variáveis analisadas matéria seca total e estatura de plantas. Os índices competitivos indicaram que as culturas de soja e milho foram mais competitivas do que a planta daninha. A estatura de plantas não foi afetada pela competição entre ambas as espécies.

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APA

Wandscheer, A. C. D., & Rizzardi, M. A. (2013). Interference of soybean and corn with Chloris distichophylla. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 37(4), 306–312. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542013000400003

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