Bio-based nanoemulsions: An eco-safe approach towards the eco-toxicity problem

Abstract

The current eco-toxicological problem occurring world-wide as a result of the heavy usage of hazardous engineered nanomaterials has driven the invention or use of materials that are eco-safe. Nanomaterials prepared with an eco-safe approach provide a remedy for this problem. These engineered nanoparticles have a very small size range, which makes them both promising and challenging - a "two-edged sword." These nanoparticles are useful in product development, which is applicable in several fields. The properties of these nano-sized particles that make them a useful tool (e.g., shape, size, high reactivity), simultaneously make them a cause for concern in nature, resulting in ill-effects towards the environment. Bio-based nanoparticles are a better option with potent application properties and lower eco-toxicity influence. Bio-based nanoemulsions are an example of a bio-based nanomaterial. Nanoemulsions comprise an oil and aqueous phase mixed with a surfactant. A nanoemulsion can include nanoparticles ranging in size between 20 and 200 nm. The nanometric size of these emulsions allows for a wide range of applications in, for example, the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, and agriculture. Their bio-based approach to formulation makes them economical and eco-friendly.