Congenital etiologies of lacrimal system obstructions

Abstract

The etiologies of nasolacrimal outflow obstruction are multifactorial. They can be the result of external forces causing clefts in the outflow pathway or of pressure causing occlusion of the system, as seen with nasal cysts or masses. Genetic factors may have a role in the embryogenesis of syndromic entities that are associated with epiphora. Obstruction to outflow must be distinguished from other causes of tearing such as lid malpositions, abnormal or misdirected lashes, or a poor lacrimal pump mechanism. An understanding of the various etiologies can help in better appreciating the anatomic sites of dysfunction and in the selection of the most appropriate medical and surgical solutions. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.