Time multiplexed active neural probe with 1356 parallel recording sites

Abstract

We present a high electrode density and high channel count CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) active neural probe containing 1344 neuron sized recording pixels (20 μm × 20 μm) and 12 reference pixels (20 μm × 80 μm), densely packed on a 50 μm thick, 100 μm wide, and 8 mm long shank. The active electrodes or pixels consist of dedicated in-situ circuits for signal source amplification, which are directly located under each electrode. The probe supports the simultaneous recording of all 1356 electrodes with sufficient signal to noise ratio for typical neuroscience applications. For enhanced performance, further noise reduction can be achieved while using half of the electrodes (678). Both of these numbers considerably surpass the state-of-the art active neural probes in both electrode count and number of recording channels. The measured input referred noise in the action potential band is 12.4 μVrms, while using 678 electrodes, with just 3 μW power dissipation per pixel and 45 μW per read-out channel (including data transmission).