Definitions, Terminology, and Measurement

Abstract

Weight management is the practice of aiming for and achieving a healthybody weight, a major tool in the prevention and treatment of chronicdiseases. An expanded definition determines the line between a healthyand unhealthy weight considering absence of disease, body size andshape, and physical and psychological ability to function. Thedefinition of body weight standards is important to health professionalsin planning and providing guidance for lifestyle choices about food,eating, physical activity, and using weight-related products andservices as are mind-body influences, natural healing power, andcultural beliefs and preferences. Many terms, ``obesity,{''}``overweight,{''} `` fat,{''} and `` big,{''} are used by healthprofessionals and the media.Is obesity a disease? Since 2002, many key agencies have changed theirposition on the question which involves discussions of the cost,cost-effectiveness, and safety of interventions employed in weightmanagement; questions remain about public perception and the role ofpersonal and collective responsibility for prevention and treatment.Standard definitions based on body mass index (BMI) do not distinguishbetween body fat and other body tissues (muscle, bone, water). BMI isused by government and international health organizations to establishweight standards for given heights. Measurements of waist circumference,waist-to-hip ratio, skinfold thickness, and bioelectrical impedance areuseful in clinics and community settings to determine percentage ofweight that is body fat.Weight management intervention includes physical and psychologicalscreening, dietary assessment, intensive behavioral therapy, andmonitoring weight-loss maintenance. Measurable indicators ofeffectiveness include improved quality of life with increased functionaland physical activity, qualitative changes in food consumption, andoverall health regardless of body size.