Hypothesis Testing and p-values

Abstract

Suppose we want to know if exposure to asbestos is associated with lung disease. We take some rats and randomly divide them into two groups. We expose one group to asbestos and leave the second group unexposed. Then we compare the disease rate in the two groups. Consider the following two hypotheses:The Null Hypothesis: The disease rate is the same in the two groups.The Alternative Hypothesis: The disease rate is not the same in the two groups.