Nutrition in Oral Health

Abstract

Oral diseases are a global problem for both children and adults and poor oral health is associated with other systemic diseases. The two most common oral diseases are dental caries and periodontal disease. Diet plays an important role in influencing the oral mucosa; cariogenic foods, such as fermentable carbohydrates, contribute to oral bacteria, which demineralize and erode the tooth enamel. Healthy dietary patterns have a protective effect on oral health. Dental caries can develop very early in life, especially in children who sleep with a bottle containing milk or sweetened liquid. The elderly are also vulnerable to oral problems and are at an increased risk for low nutrient intake and absorption. Multiple medication use can further compromise nutrient bioavailability. Lifestyle factors such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption also increase the risk of oral diseases. This chapter addresses the role of nutrition in the promotion of oral health.