Cell surface expression of the prion protein in yeast does not alter copper utilization phenotypes

Abstract

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that result from conversion of a normal, cell surface glycoprotein (PrPC) into a conformationally altered isoform (PrPSc) that is thought to be infectious. Although a great deal is known about the role of PrPSc in the disease process, the physiological function of PrPC has remained enigmatic. In this report, we have used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to test one hypothesized function of PrPC, as a receptor for the uptake or efflux of copper ions. We first modified the PrP signal peptide by replacing its hydrophobic core with the signal sequence from the yeast protein dipeptidyl aminopeptidase B, so that the resulting protein was targeted cotranslationally to the secretory pathway when synthesized in yeast. PrP molecules with the modified signal peptide were efficiently glycosylated, glycolipid-anchored, and localized to the plasma membrane. We then tested whether PrP expression altered the growth deficiency phenotypes of yeast strains harboring deletions in genes that encode key components of copper utilization pathways, including transporters, chaperones, pumps, reductases, and cuproenzymes. We found that PrP did not rescue any of these mutant phenotypes, arguing against a direct role for the protein in copper utilization. Our results provide further clarification of the physiological function of PrPC, and lay the groundwork for using PrP-expressing yeast to study other aspects of prion biology.