Carbon Footprint and Mitigation of Vegetables Produced at Open Fields and Film House using Life Cycle Assessment

Abstract

This study was carried out to find out major factors to mitigate carbon emission using Life Cycle Assessment(LCA). System boundary of LCA was confined from sowing to packaging during vegetable production. Inputamount of agri-materials was calculated on 2007 Income reference of white radish, chinese cabbage and chiveproduced at open field and film house published by Rural Development Administration. Domestic data andEcoinvent data were used for emission factors of each agri-material based on the 1996 IPCC guideline. Carbonfootprint of white radish was 0.19 kg CO2 kg-1 at open fields, 0.133 kg CO2 kg-1 at film house, that of chinesecabbage was 0.22 kg CO2 kg-1 at open fields, 0.19 kg CO2 kg-1 at film house, and that of chive was 0.66 kg CO2 kg-1at open fields and 1.04 kg CO2 kg-1 at film house. The high carbon footprint of chive was related to lower vegetableproduction and higher fuel usage as compared to white radish and Chinese cabbage. The mean proportion of carbonemission was 35.7% during the manufacturing byproduct fertilizer; white radish at open fields was 50.6%, whiteradish at film house 13.1%, Chinese cabbage at outdoor 38.4%, Chinese cabbage at film house 34.0%, chive atoutdoor 50.6%, and chive at film house 36.0%. Carbon emission, on average, for the step of manufacturing andcombustion accounted for 16.1% of the total emission; white radish at open fields was 4.3%, white radish at filmhouse 15.6%, Chinese cabbage at open fields 6.9%, Chinese cabbage at film house 19.0%, chive at open fields12.5%, and chive at film house 29.1%. On the while, mean proportion of carbon footprint for the step of N2Oemission was 29.2%; white radish at open fields was 39.2%, white radish at film house 41.9%, Chinese cabbage atopen fields 34.4%, Chinese cabbage at film house 23.1%, chive at open fields 28.8%, and chive at film house17.1%. Fertilizer was the primary factor and fuel was the secondary factor for carbon emission among thevegetables of this study. It was suggested to use Heug-To-Ram web-service system, http://soil.rda.go.kr, for thescientific fertilization based on soil testing, and for increase of energy efficiency to produce low carbon vegetable.