Síndrome hemofagocítico: Caracterización clínica y seguimiento de una cohorte pediátrica chilena

Abstract

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe syndrome, potentially lethal, with a pathological activation of the immune system and an extreme hyperinflammatory response. The etiology is classified in primary HLH (familiar or genetic) and secondary (infectious, oncological, and rheumatological diseases). Aim: To analyze clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment, and follow-up rates in pediatric patients with HLH. Methods: A pediatric cohort of patients with HLH diagnosis attending in a tertiary hospital between January 2000 to February 2019 was analysed. Results: 23 hospitalized patients were recruited with a median of 36 months of age. The most frequent clinical and laboratory findings were fever, cytopenias, and hyperferritinemia. The most frequent aetiologies were infectious (Epstein Barr virus and citomegalovirus) and rheu matological diseases. The global mortality was 35%, there was no significant difference between etiologies. Discussion: Considering the high mortality of HLH it is very important to have a high grade of suspicion that allows treating at an early stage. It would be important to determine clinical and laboratory predictors in multicentric studies