Electro-tactile display with real-time impedance feedback

Abstract

An electro-tactile display is a tactile interface composed of skin surface electrodes. Such displays comprise many useful features such as durability and energy efficiency, but their use is limited by the variability of the elicited sensation. One possible solution to this problem involves monitoring skin electrical impedance. Previous studies established the existence of a correlation between impedance and threshold, but did not construct true real-time feedback loops. In this study, we constructed a system with a 1.45-μs feedback loop, and evaluated the feasibility of the system. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.