The participative action research approach to climate change adaptation in Atlantic Canadian coastal communities

Abstract

Canada’s Atlantic coast has been increasingly affected by inundations and coastal erosion over time. Results presented here stem from participative research action (PRA) projects undertaken in several coastal communities in New-Brunswick and Quebec, using methods such as semi-directed interviews, focus groups, participant observation, public meetings, kitchen assemblies, collaborative mapping, Method of Evaluation by Group Facilitation (MEGF) or participative ranking. The PRA projects were found to deliver tangible short-term results as well as reinforcing the communities’ governance and adaptation capacity and resilience over the long term. The engagement of stakeholders, and the exchange of information between scientists and local actors, led to a better evaluation of vulnerabilities and adaptation options and permit in some cases the co-construction of new knowledge and the coproduction of priorities to build adaptation plans and tools with and for the communities. Thus, reflexive options such as sea walls were sometimes substituted by less costly and more targeted adaptation options, that are better suited to local circumstances and to the values and aspirations of the community. These solutions are more easily accepted within the community as well as by government authorities. However, not all projects led to immediate decision-making and especially the option of coastal retreat remains highly contentious and emotionally charged.