Defects in innate immunity: Receptors and signaling components

Abstract

The innate immune system is the first-line host defense against microbial pathogens and is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLR). PRPs consist of secreted and circulating proteins, and intracellular and transmembrane signal-transducing components [1]. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).