Relationship between air quality and asthma-related emergency hospital admissions in Mexico City 2017-2019

Abstract

Background Previous studies found exposure to air pollution leads to exacerbations of asthma in paediatric and adult patients and increases asthma-related emergency hospital admissions (AREHA). Methods AREHAs and levels of air pollutants (PM 10, PM 2.5 and NO 2) were obtained from Mexico City for the period 2017-2019. A time-series approach was used to explore the relationship between air pollutants and AREHA. Relative risks of AREHA were estimated using a negative binomial regression in young children (less than 5 years) and adults (greater than 18 years). Results There was a positive association between AREHA and PM 10, PM 2.5 and NO 2 in adults, which remained after mutual adjustment for these pollutants. The relative risk (RR) of admission in adults increased by 3% (95% CI 1% to 4%) for a 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 10, 1% (0.03% to 3%) for a 5 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 and by 1% (0.06% to 2%) for a 5 μg/m 3 increase in NO 2. In contrast, in young children, AREHAs were negatively associated with PM 10 after adjustment for NO 2 (RR 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) for a 10 μg/m 3 and with NO 2 after adjustment for PM 10 and PM 2.5 (RR 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99) and 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99), respectively, for a 5 μg/m 3 increase in NO 2). AREHAs in children were not associated with PM 2.5 after adjustment for NO 2. Conclusions Ambient air pollution, within the previous week, was associated with emergency hospital admissions for asthma to public hospitals in adults in Mexico City. The relationship in children was less consistent. Further work is needed to explore why differences between adults and children exist to inform appropriate interventions to benefit public health.