Effect of long term consumption of probiotic milk on infections in children attending day care centres: Double blind, randomised trial

Abstract

Objective - To examine whether long term consumption of a probiotic milk could reduce gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in children in day care centres. Design - Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study over seven months. Setting - 18 day care centres in Helsinki, Finland. Participants - 571 healthy children aged 1-6 years: 282 (mean (SD) age 4.6 (1.5) years) in the intervention group and 289 (mean (SD) age 4.4 (1.5) years) in the control group. Intervention - Milk with or without Lactobacillus GG. Average daily consumption of milk in both groups was 260 ml. Main outcome measures - Number of days with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, absences from day care because of illness, respiratory tract infections diagnosed by a doctor, and course of antibiotics. Results - Children in the Lactobacillus group had fewer days of absence from day care because of illness (4.9 (95% confidence interval 4.4 to 5.5) v 5.8 (5.3 to 6.4) days, 16% difference, P= 0.03; age adjusted 5.1 (4.6 to 5.6) v 5.7 (5.2 to 6.3) days, 11% difference, P = 0.09). There was also a relative reduction of 17% in the number of children suffering from respiratory infections with complications and lower respiratory tract infections (unadjusted absolute % reduction -8.6 (- 17.2 to -0.1), P= 0.05; age adjusted odds ratio 0.75 (0.52 to 1.09), P = 0.13) and a 19% relative reduction in antibiotic treatments for respiratory infection (unadjusted absolute % reduction -9.6 (- 18.2 to - 1.0), P = 0.03; adjusted odds ratio 0.72 (0.50 to 1.03), P = 0.08) in the Lactobacillus group. Conclusions - Lactobacillus GG may reduce respiratory infections and their severity among children in day care. The effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus GG were modest but consistently in the same direction.