A Review on Nanoparticles: Structure, Classification, Synthesis & Applications

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) are the unique tiny materials which exist on a nanometer scale ranging from 1 to 100 nm. These NPs exist in variety of forms. They can be categorized into different groups such as Organic, Inorganic and Carbon-based NPs on the basis of their origin, properties, shape and size. The NPs exhibit enhanced physical and chemical properties such as high surface area, reactivity, stability, sensitivity etc. due to their small size. These NPs can be synthesized by various methods. In recent years, there has been an extensive employment of NPs in a number of industrial & environmental areas of application which is considered to be of prime importance. This critical review article highlights the classification, method of preparation and applications of NPs.