The effect of irreversible electroporation on blood vessels, bile ducts, urinary tract, intestines, and nerves

Abstract

Surgical resection is the definitive treatment option for patients with primary or metastatic cancers, resulting in the best possible patient outcomes when resection is achieved with negative margins. However, involvement of vital structures such as blood vessels and genitourinary or gastrointestinal tract often poses a contraindication to safe and successful surgical resection.