Renaturalized and recultivated landscapes as a result of sustainable landscape management

Abstract

Polish literature in the field of landscape architecture and geoecology describes several stages of landscape changes depending on the proportion of natural and anthropogenic elements. In order of increasing impact of anthropopression on the environment, these are: (1) primary landscape, (2) natural landscape, (3a) cultural harmonic landscape, (3b) cultural dysharmonious landscape, (3c) cultural degraded landscape, and (4) devastated landscape. The first three, in line with the pronciples of sustainable landscape, can be considered sustainable landscape. One of the goals of landscape management is restoration of balance within it. This occurs through processes of renaturalisation and efforts towards recultivation. They result in the creation of renaturalized and recultivated landscape. These landscapes can be included in the category of sustainable landscape. Examples of landscape management leading to renaturalized and recultivated landscapes have been described and include areas of disused quarries within the city of Krakow.