Abstract
Cardiac surgery patients may develop alterations of acid-base balance due to cardiac pathology, comorbidities, type and duration of surgery, and CPB. Acid-base status evaluation through ABG is the base for an adequate perioperative treatment. ABG interpretation needs more useful tool than those proposed by Henderson-Hasselbalch approach, such as anion gap, standard base excess, and strong ions difference, in order to identify the underlying acid-base disorders. In this chapter, the physiology and pathophysiology of acid-base balance in cardiac patients and their consequence on perioperative management are described; an overview on ABG interpretation and its relation with diagnostic hypothesis and therapeutic management are presented.
Author supplied keywords
- Anion gap
- Arterial blood gas analysis interpretation
- Base excess
- Basis of pathophysiology acid-base balance in the postoperative ICU setting of cardiac surgery
- Boston rules
- Colloids and acid-base status
- Crystalloids and acid-base status
- Dilution acidosis
- Electrolyte and acid-base balance
- Fluid and electrolyte management consequences on acid-base balance
- Hyperchloremic acidosis
- Maintaining acid-base balance
- Metabolic acidosis
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Metabolizable anions and base excess
- Relation among fluid
- Respiratory acidosis
- Respiratory alkalosis
- Standard base excess
- Stewart approach
- The descriptive approach
- The quantitative approach
- The semiquantitative approach
Cite
CITATION STYLE
Agrò, F. E., Vennari, M., & Benedetto, M. (2018). Acid-base balance and blood gas analysis. In Postoperative Critical Care for Adult Cardiac Surgical Patients: Second Edition (pp. 495–526). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75747-6_16
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