A Qualitative Study of Virtual Reality and Mindfulness for Substance Use Disorders

Abstract

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are common and create a significant burden in the USA. The practice of mindfulness involves training one’s attention on the present moment and learning to accept and tolerate difficult emotions. For people with substance use disorders (SUDs), there is compelling evidence on the psychological and physical health benefits of practicing mindfulness. Yet, many individuals with (and without) substance use disorders (SUDs) struggle to establish a regular mindfulness practice. Virtual Reality (VR) is a promising modality for engaging people with SUDs in mindfulness using immersive, interactive environments. This qualitative study explores VR-based mindfulness in a residential substance use treatment setting. A series of small patient and staff focus groups reveal how VR mindfulness can offer novel ways to engage with mindfulness practice, even for some who were previously hesitant or struggled with mindfulness. Our findings add to the literature suggesting VR can assist in focusing attention, improve perceived competency, and reduce distractions that might otherwise interfere with practicing mindfulness.